Alexandre Padilha is an infectious disease physician, graduated from the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), with postgraduate studies at the University of São Paulo (USP). Currently, he is a research physician at the Tropical Medicine Center of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases at the University of São Paulo (NUMETROP/USP), a professor in the multi-professional residency program in Primary Care, in the medical residency program in Family and Community Medicine at the University Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, and a professor of Primary Health Care at the MANDIC Faculty.

Since 2016, he has also served as a Consultant for the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and a member of the National Advisory Group of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). He has also supervised and coordinated projects related to Tropical Diseases and has published works in international and national academic journals, especially on public health and tropical medicine. He was the National Director of Indigenous Health at the Ministry of Health, Minister of State for Health from 2011 to 2014, and Minister of State for Institutional Relations of the Presidency of the Republic from 2009 to 2010. He was also Secretary of Government Relations for the City of São Paulo and, from September 2015 to December 2016, was the Municipal Secretary of Health for the City of São Paulo.